Yesterday on the Google Webmaster Central blog, they released an pretty interesting guide to help webmasters understand the best practices for SEO to apply to their website. It covers topics such as how one should construct their page titles, meta tags, URL structure and site navigation best practices. For a 22 page .pdf, it's worth taking a look at, and Google plans to update with new suggestions because as we all know with Google... changes happen all the time.
Of course, there are more elements to getting your website at the top of the search engines that also should be considered, such as social media, PPC and much more.